How To Monitor Traffic And Set Abnormal Alarms After Choosing Vietnam CN2

2026-07-29 11:15:31

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Overall Structure and Preparation

- Identify monitoring targets: border routers (BGP neighbors), core switch/routing interfaces, link bandwidth, latency/packet loss, and business instances (Web/Game/VoIP).
- Prepare the monitoring platform: choose one or more tool combinations (recommended combination: Prometheus + Grafana for timing; Zabbix is used for device and status alerts; ntopng/Elasticsearch for NetFlow analysis; Pingdom/UptimeRobot performs external availability checks).
- Network access permissions: Confirm with Vietnam CN2 provider whether SNMP/NetFlow/flow export/BGP monitoring permissions can be enabled, and be ready to manage IP, BGP ASN, and access routing information.

Enable necessary data export on the router

- SNMP: Configure SNMP v2c or v3 on the border router (recommended v3), example (Cisco IOS):
snmp-server group MON v3 priv
snmp-server user monitor MON v3 auth sha <密码> priv aes 128 <密钥>
Allows the administrator's ACL to access SNMP UDP/161.
- NetFlow/IPFIX: Enables stream export to analyze session and traffic direction. Example (Cisco):
flow record v4-rec match ipv4 source address ...
Flow exporter to-collector destination transport UDP 2055
applies flow monitor to the outlet/import interface.
- BGP monitoring: Ensure BGP status can be queried via management interfaces (enable SNMP or API), and enable BGP community or route-map to export necessary route tags.

Deploy the collection end and timing database

- Prometheus: Deploys node_exporter on business servers that need to be monitored, deploys snmp_exporter capture router SNMP metrics, and configures scrape_job pointing to devices.
- Grafana: Connects Prometheus as a data source, creating panels for bandwidth, errors, packet loss, and latency trends.
- ntopng / nfdump: Deploys NetFlow receivers for stream level analysis, making it easy to view traffic distribution across various ISPs in Vietnam.
- If using Zabbix/PRTG: Make sure to add each device and configure the corresponding templates (SNMP interface, BGP template, NetFlow template).

Key monitoring indicators and collection frequency

- Bandwidth/throughput: ifInOctets/ifOutOctets or NetFlow, with acquisition frequency of 1 minute or less (15-60s for high precision).
- Packet loss/latency/jitter: using active probing (ping, icmp/bulk probe) every 1 minute, or using higher-frequency SLA probes (e.g., every 10s) for real-time alerts.
- BGP session: bgpPeerState, prefix count, AS PATH variation, acquisition frequency 30s to 1m.
- Error count (input errors/output errors), interface drops: 1M collection.

Configure external active monitoring (end-to-end detection of Vietnamese ISPs).

- Deploy Ping/Traceroute/iPerf3 detection at multiple domestic and overseas detection points. Example commands:
mtr -r -c 100 -w <目标IP>(one-time packet loss and hop count)
iperf3 -c -t 60 -p 4 (bandwidth testing)
- Regularly perform SLA testing on the main targets in Vietnam (VNPT, Viettel, FPT, CMC), recording latency and packet loss. Write the results into Prometheus or ELK for trend analysis.

Establish alert strategies: thresholds and suppression rules

- Alarm categories: Severe (link down, BGP neighbor down), High (packet loss> 2%-5% lasting 5 minutes, increased latency >100ms lasting 5 minutes), Medium (bandwidth >80% lasting 10 minutes), Low (short-term peak).
- Example PromQL threshold: avg_over_time(node_network_receive_bytes_total[5m]) / interface_speed > 0.8 indicates utilization exceeds 80%. Delayed alarms can be probe_success and probe_duration_seconds _exporter black boxes.
- Suppression rules: suppress downstream performance alerts when a link goes down (to avoid alarm storms); Set duplicate suppression (the same alarm is triggered only once within 5 minutes until the status is restored).

Alert notification channels and upgrade procedures

- Channels: Email, SMS (carrier/third party), WeCom/Server Sauce, Slack, PagerDuty/OpsGenie.
- Example: Grafana Alert -> webhook -> Custom Relay Service -> Push alert to the corresponding group/phone based on alert level.
- Upgrade process: Sev1 (link or BGP down) triggers phone + SMS + group @on-call; Sev2 triggers @on-call within the group, and if not confirmed within 30 minutes, calls a backup. Attach the runbook link to the alert.

Establish an automated response and runbook

- Automated scripts: Common actions such as rebuilding BGP neighbors (restarting BGP processes), routing rollback, triggering traffic re-routing. Use scripts cautiously and require manual secondary verification (especially regarding BGP).
- Runbook contents: Fault detection> preliminary troubleshooting commands (show ip BGP summary, show interfaces counters, mtr/traceroute commands, view NetFlow top talkers), contact CN2 provider template, upgrade contact form. Bind the runbook to the alert link.

Daily maintenance, capacity planning, and safety considerations

- Review weekly trend charts (bandwidth growth, error rate, BGP prefix changes), conduct monthly traffic reports, and forecast demand for the next month.
- Security: Monitoring abnormal traffic bursts (DDoS fingerprinting, massive micro-streams), integrating IDS/firewalls for coordination (e.g., triggering ACLs or black holes). Ensure access control and encryption of monitoring interfaces themselves (SNMPv3, TLS).

10.

Question: After choosing Vietnam CN2, which links/devices should be monitored first?

- Answer: The primary monitoring is the BGP session status of the border router, interface bandwidth, packet loss/error count; Second, internal exit aggregation switches and server instances carrying critical business tasks; At the same time, external SLA probes were deployed to major ISPs in Vietnam to monitor peer quality.

11.

Question: How can common abnormal alarm thresholds be set more reasonably?

- Answer: It is recommended to set the alert by category: link down and BGP neighbor down as immediate serious alerts; Packet loss thresholds are set to 2%-5% depending on the business (the lowest value for real-time interaction classes), and latency thresholds are triggered by the business baseline + 50ms or absolute values (e.g., > 150ms); Bandwidth exceeding 80% triggers capacity alarms; short-term peaks do not require alarms, using duration windows (e.g., 5-10 minutes).

12.

Question: Once high packet loss or high latency is detected in Vietnam, what is the first step to troubleshoot?

- Answer: Step one: Perform active probing (mtr/traceroute) to locate which jump caused the problem, then check for local interface errors, check BGP routing anomalies (show ip BGP summary), and check NetFlow top talkers to determine if flooding traffic is affecting the issue; At the same time, contact the CN2 provider and provide traceroute and sampling data for co-investigation.

Next article： Technical Practice: Automated Deployment And Synchronized Update Solution For Vietnam Site Cluster Servers

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